Morphometric analysis of the effects of high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate and amino acids mixture on face rejuvenation.

BACKGROUND: Skin aging can be observed at various levels in the epidermis, dermis, and dermo-epidermal junction. Reducing the cosmetic effects of skin aging in the facial region is a widespread demand due to common aesthetic concerns. Consequently, many injectable products on the market promise antiaging effects and cosmetic improvements. We aimed to evaluate the cosmetic efficacy of a high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate and amino acids mixture for the facial region using morphometric analysis. METHODS: This study evaluates the morphometric effectiveness of an injectable mixture (high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate, glycine, L-Proline, L-leucine, L-lysine HCL, L-valine, and L-alanine collagen active ingredient) on the mid-face and jawline in women aged 30-55. We used morphological measurements and digital image data to assess changes and determine effectiveness. Various computational methods were applied simultaneously with statistical tests for validation. RESULTS: The hydration assessment showed a significant increase on both sides of the face. A noticeable decrease was observed in gonion angle, bitragion breadth, bigonion breadth, and marionette wrinkle scale. These results suggest combining mechanical and chemical stimulation from the injection and its components (hyaluronic and amino acids) effectively enhances skin quality. CONCLUSIONS: The study indicates that the mechanical stimulation of the injection improves skin quality. Combining hyaluronic and amino acids (collagen, elastin, and pro-synthetic) is a safe and effective alternative for antiaging treatments.

A Cluster Validity Index-Based Objective Criteria for Aesthetic Evaluation of Periorbital Treatment.

Purpose: Dark circles and pigmentation around the eyes are common reasons people see dermatologists. An effective assessment of the severity of infraorbital color and texture differences is critical for determining appropriate treatment. Evaluation of the visual severity of cases is mostly based on visual inspection. Treatment efficiency is often measured using patient questionnaires in many cases. The subjectivity of assessments may lead to a prolonged healing process, misdiagnosis, and excessive use of drugs or chemicals. Patients and Methods: In this study, a computer-aided objective evaluation approach was proposed for grading periorbital facial rejuvenation. This approach is based on the analysis of numerical features extracted from different facial regions in digital images. Healing was objectively graded by evaluating data clusters formed using the extracted features. Accordingly, an increase in the visual similarity between paired facial regions is accepted as an indicator of healing, which directly affects the form of data clusters. An intracluster validity index was measured to evaluate the clusters as dense and well separated. A total of 144 facial regions were extracted and examined, and the automatically calculated grades were compared with expert evaluations. Results: The cosmetic effects of the experimental drug were evaluated during the experiments, and expert grades were accepted as the ground truth. The results show that the proposed automated grading approach can evaluate rejuvenation with an accuracy of up to 0.91 accuracy in the upper orbital region. Conclusion: This study concluded that the proposed data-clustering-based approach is promising and can be functional without any special instruments.

Anatomical Variations and Clinical Significance of the Cerebral Arterial Circle in Turkish Cadavers / Variaciones Anatómicas y Significancia Clínica del Círculo Arterial Cerebral en Cadáveres Turcos

SUMMARY: The structure formed by the arteries, which is of great importance in the irrigation of the brain, is called the cerebral arterial circle (Polygon of Willis). Since the cerebral arterial circle provides brain nutrition, vascularabnormalities in this region are highly relevant. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the variations of the cerebral arterial circle in cadavers of Turkish individuals. In our study, 32 human cadavers obtained from three different universities were retrospectively examined. Brain tissue obtained from cadavers by craniotomy was kept in 20 % formaldehyde solution for an average of 10 days for fixation. Cerebral arterial circle diagrams were determined in all cadavers by staining and photographs were taken. As a result of the brain examinations, a variation of the cerebral arterial circle was detected in 24/32 brains. Vascular variations have an important place in congenital variations. For this reason, we believe that our brain study will contribute to clinical studies on this topic by investigating variations of the cerebral arterial circle.

La estructura formada por las arterias que tiene una gran importancia en la irrigación del cerebro se denomina círculo arterial cerebral (Polígono de Willis). Dado que el círculo arterial cerebral proporciona la irrigación cerebral, las anomalías vasculares en esta región son muy relevantes. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de nuestro estudio fue examinar las variaciones del círculo arterial cerebral en cadáveres de individuos turcos. En nuestro estudio, se examinaron retrospectivamente 32 cadáveres humanos obtenidos de tres universidades diferentes. El tejido cerebral de los cadáveres fue obtenido por craneotomía y se mantuvo en solución de formaldehído al 20 %, durante 10 días en promedio para su fijación. Se determinaron los diagramas de círculo arterial cerebral en todos los cadáveres mediante coloración y se tomaron fotografías. Como resultado de los exámenes, se detectó una variación del círculo arterial cerebral en 24/32 de los cerebros. Las variaciones vasculares tienen un lugar importante en las variaciones congénitas. Por esta razón, creemos que nuestro estudio contribuirá a estudios clínicos sobre el tema al pesquisar las variaciones del círculo arterial cerebral.

Assessing the Rejuvenation Effectiveness of a Hyaluronic Acid and Amino Acid Mixture in the Periorbital Region.

Purpose: We performed an assessment of the rejuvenation effect of an amino acid and hyaluronic acid mixture in the periorbital area. Methods: A total of 23 of the 35 participants completed all application sessions and measurements. These 23 women were aged 30-55 years. A hyaluronic acid and amino acid mixture was injected into the participants' periorbital area. Three sessions of application with 15-day intervals were undertaken. Subjects' age, height, weight, smoking status, and sport participation were recorded. A photonumeric dark circle scale and Fitzpatrick's periorbital wrinkling classification were used for evaluation of dark circles and wrinkles in the periorbital area. Anatomical measurements (height of upper and lower eyelids) were done using ImageJ and a skin-analysis system (Observ 520). Results: The 23 women had a mean age of 42.46±9.33 years, mean height 164.46±4.96 cm, and mean weight 63.94±8.26 kg. Before the sessions, the mean heights of the upper eyelids were 1.24±013 cm (right) and 1.21±013 cm (left), while those of the lower eyelids were 0.98±014 cm (right) and 0.97±0.17 cm (left). One month after the third session, mean upper-eyelid heights were 1.30±0.09 cm (right) and 1.28±0.11 cm (left) and lower-eyelid ones 1.02±0.11 cm (right) and 1.02±0.13 cm (left). Dark-circle and wrinkle-scale scores showed significantly positive results between before the sessions and 1 month after the third session. Conclusion: A hyaluronic acid and amino acid mixture can be used to rejuvenation of the periorbital area in women aged 30-55 years.

Protective effect of linoleic acid on liver toxicity induced by methotrexate / Efecto protector del ácido linoleico sobre la toxicidad hepática inducida por metotrexato

SUMMARY: We aimed to investigate the protective effect of linoleic acid on liver toxicity induced by methotrexate. The study was carried out in partnership with the Department of Anatomy and Department of Medical Pharmacology of Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, using the laboratory facilities of the Department of Medical Pharmacology. Human hepatocyte cell line (CRL- 11233) cells obtained from the American Type Culture Collection Organization (ATCC) were used. Expressions of apoptotic pathway markers, apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), BAX, BCL 2, GADD 153, 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), and CASPASE-3 were evaluated. All analyzes were examined in four groups (Group 1; control, Group 2; linoleic acid given, Group 3; methotrexate given and Group 4; linoleic acid and methotrexate given). The mean ± standard error values of the obtained results as nanogram / milliliter (ng / ml) are in Group I, Group II, Group III and Group IV, respectively; AIF values, 0.4150 ± 0.1208, 0.3633 ± 0.2389, 1.792 ± 0.3611 and 1.077 ± 0.1646, BAX values, 0.900 ± 0.1864, 1.002 ± 0.2098, 8.352 ± 1.467 and 4.295 ± 1.522, BCL 2 values, 13.93 ± 1.198, 13.92 ± 1.739, 2.938 ± 1.059 and 9.250 ± 1.492, GADD 153, 0.7333 ± 0.1751, 0.7067 ± 0.2115, 1.650 ± 0.2950 and 1.237 ± 0.1805, GRP78, 0.4767 ± 0.1804, 0.5233 ± 0.1590, 2.183 ± 0.2639 and 1.112 ± 0.2693, CASPASE-3 values , 1.127 ± 0.2033, 0.8317 ± 0.3392, 13.50 ± 1.871 and 8.183 ± 1.030. It was determined that linoleic acid has a protective effect on methotrexate-induced liver toxicity.

Nuestro objetivo fue investigar el efecto protector del ácido linoleico sobre la toxicidad hepática inducida por metotrexato. El estudio se llevó a cabo en colaboración con el Departamento de Anatomía y el Departamento de Farmacología Médica de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Çukurova, utilizando las instalaciones del laboratorio del Departamento de Farmacología Médica. Se usaron células de la línea celular de hepatocitos humanos (CRL-11233) obtenidas de la American Type Culture Collection Organisation (ATCC). Se evaluaron las expresiones de marcadores de vías apoptóticas, factor inductor de apoptosis (AIF), BAX, BCL 2, GADD 153, proteína regulada por glucosa de 78 kDa (GRP78) y CASPASE-3. Todos los análisis se examinaron en cuatro grupos (Grupo 1; control, Grupo 2; se administró ácido linoleico, Grupo 3; se administró metotrexato y Grupo 4; se administró ácido linoleico y metotrexato). Los valores medios ± error estándar de los resultados obtenidos como nanogramo/mililitro (ng/ml) se encuentran en el Grupo I, Grupo II, Grupo III y Grupo IV, respectivamente; Valores de AIF, 0,4150 ± 0,1208, 0,3633 ± 0,2389, 1,792 ± 0,3611 y 1,077 ± 0,1646, valores de Bax, 0,900 ± 0,1864, 1,002 ± 0,2098, 8,352 ± 1,467 y 4,295 ± 1,522, BCL 2 valores, 13,93 ± 1,199. 2,938 ± 1,059 y 9,250 ± 1,492, GADD 153, 0,7333 ± 0,1751, 0,7067 ± 0,2115, 1,650 ± 0,2950 y 1,237 ± 0,1805, Grp78, 0,4767 ± 0,1804, 0,5233 ± 0,1590, 2,183, ± 1,263. 1,127 ± 0,2033, 0,8317 ± 0,3392, 13,50 ± 1,871 y 8,183 ± 1,030. Se determinó que el ácido linoleico tiene un efecto protector sobre la toxicidad hepática inducida por metotrexato.

Morphometric and aesthetic analysis of people following application of platelet rich plasma for neck rejuvenation / Análisis morfométrico y estético de personas tras la aplicación de plasma rico en plaquetas para el rejuvenecimiento del cuello

SUMMARY: Several studies have shown beneficial effects of platelet-rich plasma. However, there are very few studies investigating the effectiveness of PRP in the neck region. We aimed to assess the efficacy of PRP injection for neck rejuvenation in females aged 40-55. Fifty-two female consecutive participants had PRP injected and roller applied in three sessions at 3-week intervals. Evaluations were blindly performed by comparing the improvements from the pre- to post-application assessments of anatomical measurements of the neck area based on before and after photography of the participants by two anatomists and three medical aesthetic doctors. The Fitzpatrick Skin Scale, Fitzpatrick Goldman Scale, Wrinkle Assessment Scale (Dedo classification system) and patient satisfaction scale were used for assessment. Additionally, skin stiffness and elasticity, cervicomental angle and jawline angle measurements were performed to analyze anatomical changes in the neck area. The study enrolled 52 volunteers with a mean age of 48.60±5.35 years, mean body weight of 63.21±8.43 kg and mean height of 163.25±4.56 cm. Significant differences were found in the elasticity, jawline angle, cervicomental angle, wrinkling, elasticity G and patient satisfaction scores before and after the treatment. When the results of anatomical parameters and scales are compared, it was revealed that PRP is effective in neck rejuvenation.

RESUMEN: Varios investigaciones han demostrado los efectos beneficiosos del plasma rico en plaquetas. Sin embargo, existen muy pocos estudios que investiguen la efectividad del PRP en la región del cuello. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la eficacia de la inyección de PRP para el rejuvenecimiento del cuello en mujeres de 40 a 55 años. A cincuenta y dos mujeres participantes consecutivas se les inyectó PRP y se les aplicó rodillo en tres sesiones a intervalos de 3 semanas. Las evaluaciones se realizaron a ciegas comparando las mejoras de las evaluaciones previas y posteriores a la aplicación de las medidas anatómicas del área del cuello basadas en fotografías de antes y después de los participantes realizadas por dos anatomistas y tres médicos especialistas en cirugía estética. Para la evaluación se utilizaron la escala de piel de Fitzpatrick, la escala de Fitzpatrick Goldman, la escala de evaluación de arrugas (sistema de clasificación Dedo) y la escala de satisfacción del paciente. Además, se realizaron mediciones de rigidez y elasticidad de la piel, ángulo cervicomentoniano y ángulo de la línea de la mandíbula, para analizar los cambios anatómicos en el área del cuello. El estudio inscribió a 52 voluntarios con una edad media de 48,60±5,35 años, un peso corporal medio de 63,21±8,43 kg y una altura media de 163,25±4,56 cm. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones de elasticidad, ángulo mandibular, ángulo cervicomentoniano, arrugas, elasticidad G y satisfacción del paciente antes y después del tratamiento. Cuando se compararon los resultados de los parámetros anatómicos y las escalas, se reveló que el PRP es eficaz en el rejuvenecimiento del cuello.

The determination of the piriform aperture morphometry and golden ratio in healthy Turkish subjects: a CT study / Determinación de la morfometría de la apertura piriforme y la proporción áurea en sujetos turcos sanos: un estudio con TC

This study was undertaken to determine the morphometry of the piriform aperture width and height in Turkish population aged between 18-60 years. It was a retrospective study in which 200 subjects were included 106 males and 94 females, ranging from 18 up to 60 years. Subjects having brain CT in the Radiology Department. Statistical analysis were evaluated with SPSS 21.00 programme. ANOVA Test were used to determine the significance between measurements and age group. The p<0.05 value was considered as significant. The groups were divided into four groups according to age. The overall means and standard deviations of the measurements were: piriform aperture height, 45.19±2.91 mm; piriform aperture width, 24.98±2.85 mm; the golden ratio, 1.84±0.19 in males, respectively whereas, the same measurements were 42.84±2.88; 23.46±2.15 mm; 1.83±0.19 in females, respectively. Also there were an increase in piriform aperture width measurement as the age increased. These anatomical values provides more important knowledge to determine the dimensions of these structures in clinic, surgical processes.

El estudio se realizó para determinar la morfometría del ancho y la altura de la abertura piriforme en la población turca de entre 18 y 60 años. Se llevó a cabo un análisis retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron 200 sujetos 106 hombres y 94 mujeres, entre los 18 y 60 años. Sujetos con TC cerebral en el Departamento de Radiología. El análisis estadístico se evaluó con el programa SPSS 21.00. La prueba ANOVA se utilizó para determinar la importancia entre las mediciones y el grupo de edad. El valor p <0,05 se consideró significativo. La muestra se dividió en cuatro grupos según la edad. Las medias generales y las desviaciones estándar de las mediciones fueron: altura de apertura piriforme, 45,19 ± 2,91 mm; ancho de apertura piriforme, 24,98 ± 2,85 mm; la proporción áurea, 1,84 ± 0,19 en varones, mientras que las mismas medidas fueron 42,84 ± 2,88; 23,46 ± 2,15 mm; 1,83 ± 0,19 en mujeres. También hubo un aumento en la medición del ancho de apertura piriforme a medida que la edad aumentó. Estos valores anatómicos proporcionan un conocimiento más importante para determinar las dimensiones de estas estructuras en procesos clínicos y quirúrgicos.

Morphometric MRI study of the brain ventricles in healthy Turkish subjects / Estudio morfométrico de resonancia magnética de los ventrículos cerebrales en sujetos turcos sanos

The aim of this study was to determine the normal values of brain ventricles and indices in healthy subjects in our population using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to reveal sex and age related differences. The MRI of two hundred-sixty-five healthy individuals aged between eighteen and eighty-seven years were examined and the midsagittal and axial images were used for measurements. The measurements were performed from MRI on a Workstation. The following mean values of brain ventricles and indices were observed; frontal horn width (FHW) (33.14 mm); third (3rd) ventricle width (TVW) (3.37 mm); fourth ventricle anteroposterior width (FVWAP) (9.93 mm); fourth ventricle transverse width (FVWT) (12.40 mm); and the maximum transverse inner diameter of the skull (TIDS) (128.75 mm) in females. The same dimensions were 34.85 mm, 3.91 mm, 10.26 mm, 12.81 mm, and 134.68 mm in males, respectively. There were statistically significantly differences in the frontal horn width, third (3rd) ventricle width, and the maximum transverse inner diameter of the skull values in between sexes. The mean values of Evans' index which obtanied with maximum width between the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles divided by the maximum transverse inner diameter of the skull were found as 0.280 ±0.172 in females; whereas the same dimensions were calculated 0.276±0.161 in males. These values were lower in healthy male subjects than females, however; there were no found significantly difference between groups. Present findings obtained from MRI are necessary anatomical baseline data for interpreting pathological changes, planning surgery, and determining presence and progress of some neurological diseases.

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los valores normales de los ventrículos e índices cerebrales en sujetos sanos en nuestra población mediante el uso de imágenes de resonancia magnética (RM) y revelar las diferencias relacionadas con el sexo y la edad. Se examinó la resonancia magnética de 265 individuos sanos de entre 18 y 87 años, y se utilizaron las imágenes en sentido medio y sagital para las mediciones. Las mediciones se realizaron a partir de IRM en una estación de trabajo. Se observaron los siguientes valores medios de ventrículos e índices cerebrales: longitud del asta frontal (FHW) (33,14 mm); longitud del tercer ventrículo (TVW) (3,37 mm); longitud anteroposterior del cuarto ventrículo (FVWAP) (9,93 mm); longitud transversal del cuarto ventrículo (FVWT) (12,40 mm); y el diámetro transversal máximo del cráneo (SID) (128,75 mm) en las hembras. Las mismas dimensiones fueron 34,85 mm, 3,91 mm, 10,26 mm, 12,81 mm y 134,68 mm en machos, respectivamente. Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el ancho del asta frontal, el ancho del tercer ventrículo y el diámetro interno transversal máximo de los valores del cráneo entre los sexos. Los valores medios del índice de Evans que obtuvieron el ancho máximo entre los cuernos frontales de los ventrículos laterales dividido por el diámetro interno transversal máximo del cráneo se encontraron en 0,280 ± 0,172 en las mujeres; mientras que las mismas dimensiones se calcularon en hombres (0,276 ± 0,161). Sin embargo, estos valores fueron más bajos en hombres sanos que en mujeres; no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos. Los hallazgos actuales obtenidos de IRM son datos anatómicos de referencia necesarios para interpretar los cambios patológicos, planificar la cirugía y determinar la presencia y el progreso de algunas enfermedades neurológicas.